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First Battle of Saltville
The First Battle of Saltville (1 October – 3 October 1864), was fought near the town of Saltville, Virginia, during the American Civil War. The battle was fought by both regular and Home Guard Confederate units against regular Union troops, including one of the few black cavalry units, over an important saltworks in the town. The Union troops were led by Brig. Gen. Stephen G. Burbridge. The murder of captured and wounded black soldiers after the battle has been called the Saltville Massacre.〔(Encyclopedia Virginia: "Saltville During the Civil War" )〕
==Saltville Massacre==
The battle was a Confederate victory, but it has become better known for a massacre that happened afterward. Both Confederate soldiers and irregular guerrilla forces under the notorious Champ Ferguson murdered white and black Union soldiers, who had been wounded and captured. Ferguson was tried after the war in Nashville, Tennessee, for these and other non-military killings. He was found guilty and executed.〔(Encyclopedia Virginia: "Saltville During the Civil War" )〕
Brig. Gen. Felix H. Robertson had bragged to another officer that "he had killed nearly all the Negroes."〔("Was there a Saltville Massacre in 1864?" David Brown's analysis )〕 His conduct was such that when Robert E. Lee learned of it he communicated to John C. Breckinridge his dismay "that a general officer should have been guilty of the crime you mention" and instructed Breckinridge to "prefer charges against him and bring him to trial."〔McKnight, Brian D. ''Contested Borderland: Civil War in Appalachian Kentucky and Virginia''. University Press of Kentucky, 2006. p. 211〕
Estimates of the dead vary with the most detailed analysis of the National Archives records by Bryce Suderow, Phyllis Brown, and David Brown concluding that 45-50 members of the black regiment were murdered by Confederates.〔("Was there a Saltville Massacre in 1864?" David Brown's analysis )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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